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LAST NEWS
17 October 2008
The Private production and trade enterprise "JNL" informs, that because of the reconstruction of Chernigov telephone network from October, 1, 2008 the telephone numbers will be changed to the following:
17 October 2008
For the reason of the increase of manufacturing capacities the enteprise extends the region of purchases of raw material for the production of goods. We adress the heads of agricultural enterprises from Chernigov, Kiev, Sumy, Poltava, Cherkassy, Winnitca regions of Ukraine with the offer to purchase peas, millet, corn, soybeans, chickpeas on market prices for our own production purposes. We are interested in a mutually beneficial and long-term collaboration with our suppliers.
Market analysis
Here you can find statistics on harvests of grains in Ukraine since 2001, and also some short information about the improvement of grain industry on the examples of millet, buckwheat and peas.
According to Goskomstat
ÑAccording to statistics, a tendency of quite considerable decline in the production of buckwheat and oats is observed, that can be explained by the high cost of raw materials and complication of organization of technological process.
On the other hand, a growth of production of wheat, and also polished peas and corn groats is observed. The growth of production of rice is set as well.
SOME TECHNOLOGIES OF PLANT-GROWING::
PEAS
Among beans a special place belongs to peas. At the end of the 80-th peas occupied an area of 1,5 million ha in Ukraine. Now - only 600 thousands of ha and that is a serious negative factor influencing on the state of soils. K.A. Timiryazev wrote once, that it would scarcely be a lot of discoveries in the history that would be so useful for people as the introduction of beans into the crop rotation, and that would considerably increase the productivity of labour of a farmer. Peas is one of the best predecessors for sowing of winter wheat. A link "peas-winter wheat" is the most productive in a crop exchange. More than that, after its harvesting there is up to 70 tons of nitrogen and also other organic components left. With the lack of mineral fertilizers a pea remains one of effective fertilizers of the field.
High contents of albumen, variety of the usage, positive influence on the fertility of soils, reasonability of sowing as a culture used for leas, an intermediate or an after-stubble culture, the possibility of growing in other regions cause an influential agricultural value of peas.
Selection plays the main role in increasing of the harvesting of peas. The main principle of it lies in creation of a new organism that would have a lot more biological abilities. The receipt of such sort allows to increase the crop capacity of the culture substantially .
During the previous years a new sort of peas Krasnodarskiy 8 (it was included to the registry of the selection achievements in 1996 for the first time) was created on the Krasnodar research station of the Institute of corn economy by means of individual selection from the hybrid of Uladovskiy anniversary õ 324.
The care of the sowing includes rolling, before-growing and aftergrowing harrowing. During the period of flowering of peas it is necessary to fight against the damage of plants by plant lice and vermins using allowed pesticides. To prevent the injury of seed, mowing and threshing of peas are carried out by means of accordingly reconditioned reaping-machines and combines.
The gathered grain undergoes the fumigation against pea vermins.
BUCKWHEAT
Buckwheat groats, made of ecologically clean grain, are a unique food product. But high-quality food products from buckwheat is possible to get only from the grain planted in ecologically safe soil-climatic zone with the usage of specially developed growing technology. It is to be noted that quite often contamination of products frequently occurs in an agricultural production. A source keeping technology of growing of buckwheat suitable for children and dietary food products has been developed in the Sumy institute of agro-industrial manufacture and it provides the average productivity of 20-25 q/ha of ecologically clean grain.
At the same time buckwheat has an important agrotechnical value. A culture has a number of biological properties, the usage of which helps improve the state of soils and increase harvests in a crop rotation.
One of the basic elements of the source keeping technology of growing of buckwheat that has been tested in the Sumy institute of agro-industrial manufacture is the placement of the culture in the crop rotation after the properly fertilized, balanced on the feed elements, cultivated and also winter grain-crops. Predecessors however do not have an important value for buckwheat as biological objects (except for beans). The level of harvests after them is determined by the system of their fertilizing. Due to the high psysiological activity of the root system with relatively small absolute mass and also other biological qualities the nutrials of the plants enrich the field. Thus the root system of buckwheat, unlike most grains, can assimilate phosphoric acid from phosphorite, where it is in a sparingly soluble form and isn’t well assimilated by other plants. Buckwheat is also able to assimilate potassium from sparingly soluble forms. That’s why these plants are able to accumulate many mineral components during the vegetation period. A lot of nutrients remain after the use of straw, roots and stubble waste of buckwheat. While placing buckwheat after the fertilized predecessors and nourishing the soil the harvests increase by 50-60% and reache 20-25ha.
MILLET
Nurturing and applying in industry of new, more productive complex-valuable sorts of millet is one of high-effective and economically advantageous ways of further intensification of agriculture, increase of productivity, fight against illnesses and vermins and also improvement of quality of products. Agriculture needs new, more productive flexible sorts capable to use climatic and soil conditions and withstand the extreme weather changes in the best way. Sorts combining high productivity, drought-resistingness, cold endurance, stability to lodging, grain fall, affection of smut and melanose, broken wind and grain pincher, simultaneousness of paniculation and high quantity of seed in a head, different precocity, high technological quality indexes of grain (largeness, high uniformity, high output of groats), high consumer dignities of groats (glassiness of millet, high contents of carotenoid, bright yellow color of kernel, high taste qualities of porridge), high contents of albumen, easy-assimilating fractions and irreplaceable amino acids in a seed and capacity to mechanical harvesting are required.
Further successful development of selection is known to require the advance of its genetic bases, the improvement of existing and the development of new directions, methods and ways using the up-to-date strategy that must constantly develop and improve by means of numerous and various researches with the practical check of results in selection. A description of leading elements of harvest structure has been developed in selection and correlating links have been revealed. Besides, the way of action of dominant and recession alleles on the number of quantitative signs, effect of heterosis and petticoat ability of the best sorts have been studied.
To solve the problem of creating of heterozygous populations and sorts of millet with the potential productivity of 55-60 q/ha and its stable realization in different ecological conditions a special attention should be payed to the study of genetic fund and the selection of certain forms as components for crossing on the basis of their genetic value.
New sorts of millet: Kharkov 57, Kharkov 31 and perspective Slobozhanskoe and Prigozhee Have been created and districted in the laboratory in recent years (see table 1).
As follows from the table, such sorts as Kharkov 57, Kharkov 31, Slobozhanskoe and Prigozhee considerably excel the sorts tilled for a long time already such as Mironovskoe 51 and Kievan 87 on the productivity (from 4,0 to 9,0 q/ha ), and also on stability to the smut and taste qualities of porridge.
Table 1. Productivity of millet grain of different sorts and their quality (competitive sortproof IR, 1997-1999).
A HARVEST OF GRAIN-CROPS IN UKRAUNE
|
Year
|
Gross harvest, million t
|
|---|---|
|
2001
|
39,70
|
|
2002
|
38,80
|
|
2003
|
20,22
|
|
2004
|
32-35
|
|
2005
|
37,997
|
|
2006
|
31,4
|
|
2007
|
29,3
|
|
2008
|
48,5
|
GROSS COLLECTION OF GRAINS ON KINDS (million tons)
|
Cultures
|
2007
|
2008
|
|---|---|---|
|
Wheat
|
13,7
|
18,4
|
|
Barley
|
6,1
|
9,4
|
|
Corn
|
6,3
|
7,4
|
|
Rye
|
0,562
|
0,863
|
PRODUCTION OF GROATS ON KINDS, thousand of Ò
| Kind | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Groats, all
|
294,0
|
334,7
|
341,2
|
277,3
|
|
Including
|
||||
|
Wheat
|
38,6
|
35,2
|
45,7
|
29,7
|
|
Oats
|
8,3
|
5,8
|
5,5
|
4,2
|
|
Millet
|
12,1
|
13,7
|
17,3
|
10,4
|
|
Buckwheat
|
101,3
|
125,5
|
119,7
|
92,2
|
|
Corn
|
16,1
|
24,9
|
32,2
|
38,7
|
|
Rice
|
4,7
|
5,0
|
4,0
|
61
|
|
Fine-ground barley
|
17,8
|
16,6
|
12,5
|
7,0
|
|
Pearl barley
|
7,0
|
11,4
|
4,6
|
3,1
|
|
Other
|
0,5
|
0,8
|
0,5
|
0,8
|
|
Peas polished
|
23,5
|
28,7
|
45,7
|
50,0
|
|
Grain and embryos of grain crops treated in another way
|
45,7
|
49,1
|
38,9
|
23,6
|
|
Rice polished
|
16,0
|
9,5
|
5,0
|
8,6
|
According to Goskomstat
ÑAccording to statistics, a tendency of quite considerable decline in the production of buckwheat and oats is observed, that can be explained by the high cost of raw materials and complication of organization of technological process.
On the other hand, a growth of production of wheat, and also polished peas and corn groats is observed. The growth of production of rice is set as well.
SOME TECHNOLOGIES OF PLANT-GROWING::
PEAS
Among beans a special place belongs to peas. At the end of the 80-th peas occupied an area of 1,5 million ha in Ukraine. Now - only 600 thousands of ha and that is a serious negative factor influencing on the state of soils. K.A. Timiryazev wrote once, that it would scarcely be a lot of discoveries in the history that would be so useful for people as the introduction of beans into the crop rotation, and that would considerably increase the productivity of labour of a farmer. Peas is one of the best predecessors for sowing of winter wheat. A link "peas-winter wheat" is the most productive in a crop exchange. More than that, after its harvesting there is up to 70 tons of nitrogen and also other organic components left. With the lack of mineral fertilizers a pea remains one of effective fertilizers of the field.
High contents of albumen, variety of the usage, positive influence on the fertility of soils, reasonability of sowing as a culture used for leas, an intermediate or an after-stubble culture, the possibility of growing in other regions cause an influential agricultural value of peas.
Selection plays the main role in increasing of the harvesting of peas. The main principle of it lies in creation of a new organism that would have a lot more biological abilities. The receipt of such sort allows to increase the crop capacity of the culture substantially .
During the previous years a new sort of peas Krasnodarskiy 8 (it was included to the registry of the selection achievements in 1996 for the first time) was created on the Krasnodar research station of the Institute of corn economy by means of individual selection from the hybrid of Uladovskiy anniversary õ 324.
The care of the sowing includes rolling, before-growing and aftergrowing harrowing. During the period of flowering of peas it is necessary to fight against the damage of plants by plant lice and vermins using allowed pesticides. To prevent the injury of seed, mowing and threshing of peas are carried out by means of accordingly reconditioned reaping-machines and combines.
The gathered grain undergoes the fumigation against pea vermins.
BUCKWHEAT
Buckwheat groats, made of ecologically clean grain, are a unique food product. But high-quality food products from buckwheat is possible to get only from the grain planted in ecologically safe soil-climatic zone with the usage of specially developed growing technology. It is to be noted that quite often contamination of products frequently occurs in an agricultural production. A source keeping technology of growing of buckwheat suitable for children and dietary food products has been developed in the Sumy institute of agro-industrial manufacture and it provides the average productivity of 20-25 q/ha of ecologically clean grain.
At the same time buckwheat has an important agrotechnical value. A culture has a number of biological properties, the usage of which helps improve the state of soils and increase harvests in a crop rotation.
One of the basic elements of the source keeping technology of growing of buckwheat that has been tested in the Sumy institute of agro-industrial manufacture is the placement of the culture in the crop rotation after the properly fertilized, balanced on the feed elements, cultivated and also winter grain-crops. Predecessors however do not have an important value for buckwheat as biological objects (except for beans). The level of harvests after them is determined by the system of their fertilizing. Due to the high psysiological activity of the root system with relatively small absolute mass and also other biological qualities the nutrials of the plants enrich the field. Thus the root system of buckwheat, unlike most grains, can assimilate phosphoric acid from phosphorite, where it is in a sparingly soluble form and isn’t well assimilated by other plants. Buckwheat is also able to assimilate potassium from sparingly soluble forms. That’s why these plants are able to accumulate many mineral components during the vegetation period. A lot of nutrients remain after the use of straw, roots and stubble waste of buckwheat. While placing buckwheat after the fertilized predecessors and nourishing the soil the harvests increase by 50-60% and reache 20-25ha.
MILLET
Nurturing and applying in industry of new, more productive complex-valuable sorts of millet is one of high-effective and economically advantageous ways of further intensification of agriculture, increase of productivity, fight against illnesses and vermins and also improvement of quality of products. Agriculture needs new, more productive flexible sorts capable to use climatic and soil conditions and withstand the extreme weather changes in the best way. Sorts combining high productivity, drought-resistingness, cold endurance, stability to lodging, grain fall, affection of smut and melanose, broken wind and grain pincher, simultaneousness of paniculation and high quantity of seed in a head, different precocity, high technological quality indexes of grain (largeness, high uniformity, high output of groats), high consumer dignities of groats (glassiness of millet, high contents of carotenoid, bright yellow color of kernel, high taste qualities of porridge), high contents of albumen, easy-assimilating fractions and irreplaceable amino acids in a seed and capacity to mechanical harvesting are required.
Further successful development of selection is known to require the advance of its genetic bases, the improvement of existing and the development of new directions, methods and ways using the up-to-date strategy that must constantly develop and improve by means of numerous and various researches with the practical check of results in selection. A description of leading elements of harvest structure has been developed in selection and correlating links have been revealed. Besides, the way of action of dominant and recession alleles on the number of quantitative signs, effect of heterosis and petticoat ability of the best sorts have been studied.
To solve the problem of creating of heterozygous populations and sorts of millet with the potential productivity of 55-60 q/ha and its stable realization in different ecological conditions a special attention should be payed to the study of genetic fund and the selection of certain forms as components for crossing on the basis of their genetic value.
New sorts of millet: Kharkov 57, Kharkov 31 and perspective Slobozhanskoe and Prigozhee Have been created and districted in the laboratory in recent years (see table 1).
As follows from the table, such sorts as Kharkov 57, Kharkov 31, Slobozhanskoe and Prigozhee considerably excel the sorts tilled for a long time already such as Mironovskoe 51 and Kievan 87 on the productivity (from 4,0 to 9,0 q/ha ), and also on stability to the smut and taste qualities of porridge.
Table 1. Productivity of millet grain of different sorts and their quality (competitive sortproof IR, 1997-1999).
|
Sorts
|
Harvest q/ha
|
Affectiveness by smut races on an infectious background, % |
Estimation of porridge, point
|
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
|||
| Mironovskoe 51 |
26,2
|
40,5
|
70,6
|
45,3
|
4,0
|
| Kievan 87 |
29,0
|
20,4
|
16,2
|
9,2
|
4,0
|
| Kharkov 57 |
30,2
|
28,8
|
45,6
|
18,5
|
4,2
|
| Kharkov 31 |
33,3
|
18,8
|
15,6
|
10,8
|
4,4
|
| Slobozhanskoe |
35,2
|
23,0
|
-
|
12,4
|
4,8
|
| Prigozhee |
34,8
|
14,4
|
12,8
|
8,4
|
4,6
|
